1. Underlining helps you to read with discrimination.
•Underline the main ideas in paragraphs
•Underline the support for those ideas.
•Underline answers to questions that you bring to the reading assignment.
•Underline only the key words.
2. Annotating enables you to actively engage the reading material.
•Number parts if appropriate.
•Make comments according to your interests and needs.
3. Outlining the passages you read sheds light on the relationship of ideas, including the major divisions of the passage and their relative importance.
4. Summarizing helps you concentrate on main ideas. A summary
•Cites the author and title of the text.
•Is usually shorter than the original by about two-thirds, although the exact reduction will cary depending on the content of the original.
•Concentrates on the main ideas and includes details only infrequently.
•Changes the original wording without changing the idea.
•Does not evaluate the content or give an opinion in any way (even if the original contains an error in logic or fact).
•Does not add ideas (even if the writer of the summart has an abundance of related information).
•Does not include any personal comments by the writer of the summary (therefore, no use of I, referring to self).
•Seldom contains quotations (although, if it does, only with quotation marks).
•Includes some author tags ("says York," "according to York," or "the author explains") to remind the reader(s) that it is a summary of the material of another writer.
5. Two other types of text-based writing are
•The reaction, which shows how the reading relates to you, your experiences, and your attitudes; also, often a critique of the worth and logic of the piece.
•The two-part response, which includes a summary and a reaction that are separate.
6. Most ideas in text-based papers are developed in one or more of these three ways:
•Explanation
•Direct references
•Quotations
7. Documenting is giving credit to borrowed ideas and words.
Source: Brandon, Lee. Brandon, Kelly. Paragraphs and Essays
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